Medicine, biology and nutrition

Open questions on clinical practice, anatomy, human physiology and genetics, cell biology, evolution and nutrition, drawn from the MMLU benchmark (Hendrycks et al., 2021), which gathers multiple-choice items of varied origin. Each card asks one question and answers it in full — no multiple-choice letters.

61 cards EN MIT

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  • Front Which muscles are normally active during quiet inspiration?
    Back External intercostal muscles and diaphragm
  • Front In what situation are closed pouches applied?
    Back The patient has a colostomy
  • Front How do cyanobacteria differ from green unicellular algae?
    Back Cyanobacteria have no nuclei
  • Front During muscular contraction, interactions between myosin and actin allow for shortening of each sarcomere. In addition to the power stroke, what other process of muscle contraction requires ATP?
    Back Myosin-actin detachment
  • Front A man contracts the same flu strain for the second time in a single winter season. The second time he experiences fewer symptoms and recovers more quickly. Which cells are responsible for this rapid recovery?
    Back Memory cells

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Licence
MIT License MIT
Attribution
Source : https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~hendrycks/data.tar — Licence : MIT License (https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
Source
MMLU — Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding (Hendrycks et al., 2021)
Retrieved on
Topic
Biology and medicine
Language
English
Version
3
Updated on

This deck was modified when it was brought in: Every MMLU question is a multiple-choice item: four options and a letter for an answer. Memoquiz resolved the letter, wrote the correct option out in full on the back and threw the other three away — a card answering “B” would teach nothing. Questions that do not stand up without their options were dropped: anything pointing at material the card does not carry (a figure, a table, a passage, a chapter, a scenario), anything naming the answer grid itself (“which of the following”, “which one of these”, bare “Which is…”), every comparative superlative (“best”, “most likely”, “least appropriate”), negative questions, questions whose answer is a number, a calculation, a true/false or a rank, and time-stamped wording (“currently”, “as of 2020”, “in the last two decades”). Whole subjects were left out for the same reason — calculation subjects, multi-paragraph case studies, dated world statistics, virology and the US general-trivia subject, which carries factual errors and extraction damage. What survived the filters was then read one question at a time, and what read badly was named and removed in the connector source. Retained questions are reproduced word for word; only mechanical repairs are applied — whitespace normalised, raw ligatures decomposed, flattened chemical formulas and units given their subscripts back (H2O → H₂O, kg/m2 → kg/m²), the trailing full stop of answers removed so punctuation does not change from card to card, and a capital restored on answers the source left in lower case. No word is rewritten.

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