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Biology and medicine — Free flashcard decks
Browse free flashcard decks about Biology and medicine. Compare sample cards, sources and licences before downloading.
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Biologie und Medizin
Offene Fragen zu Anatomie, Klinik, Zellbiologie, Genetik und Ernährung — jede mit ausgeschriebener Antwort.
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Biología y medicina
Preguntas abiertas de anatomía, clínica, biología celular, genética y nutrición, cada una con su respuesta completa.
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The digestive system
The alimentary canal organ by organ and the accessory organs that serve it, the layers of the gut wall, the enzymes and the chemical and mechanical digestion of each class of nutrient.
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The somatic nervous system and the senses
Sensory receptors and the special senses, the ascending pathways that carry their signals to the cortex, the descending motor pathways, and the reflex arcs that bypass both.
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The appendicular skeleton (glossary A–R)
Alphabetical glossary of the appendicular skeleton: the bones of the limbs and of the girdles that anchor them, with their named landmarks and joints. The deck holds the first half of the chapter glossary, from "acetabulum" to "radius" — the entries filed after R, among them the scapula, the tibia, the ulna and the carpal bones, are not in this deck, even though earlier definitions refer to them.
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Virología, nutrición y biología humana
Preguntas abiertas sobre virus y vacunas, nutrición, biología celular, genética, envejecimiento y conocimientos clínicos básicos.
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Animal endocrine and musculoskeletal systems
Glossary of the animal endocrine and musculoskeletal systems: hormone types, hormone receptors and the glands that release them, then skeletal systems, bone structure and growth, joints, body movements and the mechanism of muscle contraction. Each card gives a term and asks for its definition.
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Medicina, psicología y farmacia: preguntas de examen
Segunda serie extraída de las convocatorias españolas de acceso a las profesiones sanitarias (MIR, EIR, FIR, PIR, BIR y QIR), dominada por medicina y psicología. Cada tarjeta lleva la respuesta correcta escrita por extenso.
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Biologia e medicina
Perguntas abertas de anatomia, clínica, biologia celular, genética e nutrição, cada uma com a resposta por extenso.
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The lymphatic and immune system
Lymphatic vessels and organs, the barrier and innate defences, T and B cell responses, antibodies and the immune memory that vaccination relies on.
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The respiratory system
The airways from nose to alveolus, the mechanics of breathing and the pressures that drive it, gas exchange and transport, and how ventilation is controlled.
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Living things
Grade-school science questions about plants, animals, cells, heredity and ecosystems, taken from the ARC Easy set. Each card carries one question and the text of its correct answer; that answer is the original option text, so it is often a short phrase rather than a full sentence.
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Animal nervous and sensory systems
Neurons, action potentials and synapses, the divisions of the nervous system, then the sensory systems: touch, taste, smell, hearing, balance and vision.
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Living things — science exam questions
Questions from grade-school and middle-school science exams on plants, cells, heredity, adaptation and ecosystems, with a few on how an investigation is set up and read. Each card keeps only the correct answer, so difficulty is mixed: some are plain recall, others take a step of reasoning.
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Biologie et médecine
Questions ouvertes d’anatomie, de clinique, de biologie cellulaire, de génétique et de nutrition, chacune avec sa réponse en toutes lettres.
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Nervous system
Key-term glossary of the nervous system, taken word for word from OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology, first edition: neurons and nervous tissue, the anatomy of the brain and spinal cord, and the autonomic division. Each card carries a term on the front and the book’s own definition on the back.
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Osmoregulation, the kidney, immunity and animal reproduction
Osmotic balance, nitrogenous wastes and the anatomy of the kidney and its blood supply, which carry most of the deck, then innate and adaptive immunity, and the modes of animal reproduction with the cleavage patterns of the early embryo. Gastrulation, the germ layers and organogenesis are not covered.
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Virologia, nutrição e biologia humana
Perguntas abertas sobre vírus e vacinas, nutrição, biologia celular, genética, envelhecimento e conhecimentos clínicos básicos.
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Viruses, bacteria and archaea
How viruses are built, classified and replicated, the diseases they cause, then prokaryotic structure and metabolism, biofilms and antibiotic resistance.
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Skeletal system and joints: bone, skull, trunk and limb joints
The vocabulary of the skeleton and its joints: how bone tissue is built, grows and repairs itself; the bones and openings of the skull and of the trunk; and the joints of the whole body — the joints of the limbs (shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, ankle) included, not only those of the skull and trunk. Terms are drawn from the end-of-chapter glossaries of chapters 6, 7 and 9, and this deck covers only the beginning of the alphabet: it runs from “acetabular labrum” to “remodeling”, so terms from s to z (sacrum, sternum, suture, synovial joint, vertebral column…) are absent.
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The urinary system, fluid and acid-base balance
The kidney and the nephron, how urine is formed and concentrated, the endocrine control of blood pressure and volume, and the buffers that hold blood pH where it must stay.
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Biología: preguntas del examen BIR
Selección de 83 preguntas abiertas de biología celular y molecular, genética, microbiología, inmunología y bioquímica, tomadas de la categoría de biología de los exámenes BIR de acceso a la formación sanitaria especializada (convocatorias de 2013 a 2017). Los enunciados se reproducen palabra por palabra; la respuesta va escrita por completo en el reverso, nunca una letra. No es un simulacro de examen: es una selección de las preguntas que siguen enseñando algo fuera de su lista de opciones.
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Development and inheritance
Fertilisation, the embryonic and fetal periods, the placenta and the fetal membranes, labour and the newborn, lactation, and the patterns by which traits are inherited.
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Cardiovascular system glossary, A to H
Glossary terms on blood, the heart and the blood vessels, in alphabetical order from “abdominal aorta” to “hemophilia”. This deck is the first alphabetical part of the glossary only: terms falling after the letter H — plasma, platelets, preload, systole, the venae cavae, the jugular and mesenteric vessels, the pulmonary and tricuspid valves, and the rest — are not in it.
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Cell structure and the plasma membrane
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and every organelle in them, the cytoskeleton and cell junctions, then the membrane itself and the passive and active transport that crosses it.
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Farmacia y ciencias de la salud: preguntas de examen (HEAD-QA)
Preguntas abiertas tomadas de HEAD-QA, el corpus de exámenes de acceso a la formación sanitaria especializada convocados por el Ministerio de Sanidad de España (convocatorias de 2013 a 2017). Predomina el temario de farmacia — farmacología, farmacia galénica, farmacocinética, análisis clínicos y química analítica —, junto con bioquímica, biología celular, inmunología, microbiología, toxicología, anatomía, fisiopatología y legislación sanitaria española. El corpus de origen reúne las pruebas de varias especialidades (FIR, MIR, EIR, PIR, QIR, BIR) y no puede acreditarse que estas preguntas procedan únicamente de la convocatoria FIR.
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The reproductive system
The male and female reproductive anatomy, gametogenesis, the hormones of the ovarian and uterine cycles, and the structures of the breast and of the external genitalia.
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Animal diversity and invertebrates
Alphabetical glossary of the terms OpenStax defines for animal body plans, symmetry, embryonic development and the invertebrate groups. Each card is one term and its definition; the deck is a lexicon in alphabetical order, not a survey phylum by phylum, and it covers only the terms the two chapter glossaries happen to define.
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The neurological exam
What each part of the neurological exam tests and which structure it points to: mental status, the cranial nerves, sensory and motor function, reflexes, coordination and gait.
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The chemistry of life and biological macromolecules
Atoms, bonds and the properties of water, then the four classes of macromolecule — carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids — and the structures each one folds into.
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The integumentary system: skin, hair and nails
The layers of the skin and the cells in each, the accessory structures — hair, nails, glands — what the skin does besides covering, and the burns, cancers and disorders that affect it.
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Ciencias de la salud: preguntas MIR, EIR, FIR y afines
Preguntas de las convocatorias españolas de acceso a las profesiones sanitarias —medicina, enfermería, farmacia, biología, psicología y química— tomadas de los exámenes de 2013 a 2017. Cada tarjeta lleva la pregunta y el texto completo de la respuesta correcta, sin los distractores. El contenido clínico, farmacológico y normativo es el de aquellas convocatorias y no se ha actualizado: sirve para repasar el temario, no como referencia clínica vigente.
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Muscular system
Key Terms from the muscular-system chapters of OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology: the structure and physiology of muscle tissue — fibres, fascicles, connective sheaths, contraction, energy metabolism, smooth and cardiac muscle — together with named skeletal muscles, the movement many of them produce, and the anatomical compartments they belong to. The source glossary is alphabetical and this deck carries the part of it that fitted the catalogue's per-deck cap: most entries fall between « abductor » and « flexor », the rest are scattered further down the alphabet. It is a slice of the chapter vocabulary, not a complete survey of the muscular system.
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Cells and tissues
Key Terms glossary from the OpenStax chapters on the cell and on tissues. Three quarters of it is histology: the four tissue types, epithelia, connective tissues, cartilage, tissue membranes, glands and wound healing. The rest is a smaller set of cell-level terms on the cell membrane, cell junctions, DNA replication, gene expression, interphase and cell potency. Organelles are not covered.
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Photosynthesis and cell communication
The light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle, then how cells signal to one another: receptors, second messengers, signalling pathways and the responses they trigger.
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Animal respiration and circulation
Glossary terms and their definitions on gas exchange and circulation in animals: airways and lung mechanics, lung volumes and spirometry, oxygen and carbon dioxide transport, blood vessels and blood components, and the chambers, valves and cycle of the mammalian heart. The deck holds 65 term-to-definition cards taken from the end-of-chapter glossaries of OpenStax Biology, first edition; it is a vocabulary deck, not a course, and does not cover the chapter text, figures or numerical exercises.
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The human body: organization and anatomical terms
The vocabulary anatomy starts from: levels of organization, the anatomical position and its directional terms, planes and sections, body cavities and their membranes, homeostasis and medical imaging.
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Cell division: mitosis, meiosis and cancer
The cell cycle and its checkpoints, mitosis phase by phase, binary fission, what goes wrong in cancer, and the two meiotic divisions that make sexual reproduction possible.
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The chemical level of the body
Atoms, bonds and reactions as physiology uses them: water and its properties, acids, bases and pH, and the four families of organic molecules the body is built from.
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Biotechnology and genomics
The tools of molecular biology — cloning, PCR, gel electrophoresis, sequencing — and what genome mapping, genomics and proteomics do with what they produce.
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Medicine, biology and nutrition
Open questions on clinical practice, anatomy, human physiology and genetics, cell biology, evolution and nutrition, drawn from the MMLU benchmark (Hendrycks et al., 2021), which gathers multiple-choice items of varied origin. Each card asks one question and answers it in full — no multiple-choice letters.
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Chordates and vertebrates
The chordate characteristics, the jawless and jawed fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, and the anatomical features that separate the groups.
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Enfermería: preguntas del examen EIR
Preguntas abiertas tomadas de los exámenes EIR de acceso a la formación sanitaria especializada: proceso y cuidados de enfermería, anatomía y fisiología, farmacología, psicología y salud mental, salud materno-infantil, epidemiología y salud comunitaria, ética y deontología profesional, y gestión e investigación enfermera.
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The human body
Grade-school science exam questions on the human organ systems — circulation, breathing, digestion, the nervous system, bones and muscles — and how they work together. A few cards reach into neighbouring science topics that the questions raise along the way: blood-type inheritance, vaccines and immunity, and how a study is designed.
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Metabolism and nutrition
Catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, the metabolic states between meals, vitamins and minerals, and the regulation of body temperature.
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Animal Trivia
Species, habitats, anatomy and collective nouns, from the community-built Open Trivia Database. One question per card, answered in full.
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Medicina: preguntas del examen MIR
Preguntas abiertas de anatomía, fisiología, patología, farmacología y salud pública, tomadas de las cinco convocatorias del examen MIR de acceso a la formación sanitaria especializada. Se han dejado fuera los casos clínicos, que no se sostienen fuera de su enunciado completo.
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Protists and fungi
The diversity, life cycles and ecology of protists, then the fungi: their structure, their reproduction, the groups they fall into and the symbioses and diseases they take part in.